Birth defects and their prevention

1. Abnormal development of the fetus leads to structural and functional malformations of the fetus, such as bending deformation and stunted growth caused by limb contractures.

2. Changes in the uterine environment lead to structural malformations of the fetus, such as oligohydramnios leading to fetal limb malformations.

3. The normally developed fetus suffers external damage, which blocks the normal development process. Such as premature rupture of membranes in the early pregnancy, leading to deformation of the fetal limbs.


Autosomal-trisomy 21, Down syndrome (congenital stupidity): mental retardation, developmental delay, wide eye distance, lateral canthus oblique, low nose bridge, often open mouth and tongue, and palm lines appear to be continuous.

First-level prevention: health education and consultation and guidance before pregnancy and early pregnancy (also known as the peri-pregnancy period) to prevent the occurrence of birth defects.
Secondary prevention: Carry out prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis during pregnancy to reduce the birth of children with birth defects.
Tertiary prevention: screening of newborns for congenital diseases, treatment and rehabilitation of children with birth defects, reducing the incidence of congenital disability, and improving the quality of life of children.